41 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low Aldosterone ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
tumor - Congenital ... adrenal hyperplasia ... Renin-secreting tumor ... - Cushing’s syndrome ... #Comparison #Table
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
potassium excretion ... Drugs Increased potassium ... (oral/iv) • Potassium-rich ... transfusion • Tumor ... hypoplasia Aldosterone
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium ... #Renal
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Renin secreting tumor ... , Congenital adrenal ... #differential #potassium
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... means cortisol AND aldosterone ... Aldosterone & Renin ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • ↑ Renin, ↑ Aldosterone ... Renin secreting tumor ... : Adrenal adenoma ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... - Aldosterone and ... Fasciculata: Cushing Syndrome ... for those with tumor ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... Renin-Secreting Tumor ... • Aldosterone-secreting ... mass • Adrenal ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome ... ) - Comparison Table ... SIADH #Comparison #Table ... #Pathophysiology ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #Endocrinology