2805 results
Approach to Gout
Diagnosis: r/o septic arthritis! Needle-shaped, negative birefringent crystals
Treatment:
 • Weight loss, diet, d/c culprit
Lowering Therapy (ULT ... gout #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #ULT
Gout - Management
Acute Gout Flare
 1) colchicine, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids
 2) Anakinra (IL-1 inhibitor)
When to Start Urate
Gout - Management ... Lowering Therapy (ULT ... MithuRheum #Gout #Management
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
kidney, brain ALT ... ≥ 3x ULN Cholestatic ... R Value = (ALT ... / ULN ALT) / (ALP ... / ULN ALP)
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
: • Severe - ALT ... >15X ULN ... • Moderate - ALT ... < 5x ULN ... Pattern (ALP > ALT
Liver Enzymes (LFTs) - Causes of Hepatocellular and Cholestatic Liver Injury
Hepatocellular Liver Injury
 • AST/ALT elevation
Injury • AST/ALT ... > Alk phos • ALT ... • R value = (ALT ... + ULN ALT) / (alkaline ... phosphatase + ULN
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Algorithm Severe ALT ... > 15x ULN • Viral ... HELLP Moderate ALT ... 5-15x ULN • Viral ... • Others Mild ALT
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Findings: • ↑AST/ALT ... (5-10x ULN), ↑Tbili ... Cr, ↓Glucose, ↓PLT ... Intrahepatic Cholestasis Management ... obgyn #diagnosis #management
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
Hepatitis (eg Viral) Management ... + AST > 10x ULN ... - ALT + AST > ... 5x ULN AND IgG ... AIH #Diagnosis #Management
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
R-value: Serum (ALT ... /ULN ALT) / (Alk ... phos/ULN ALP) ... to liver than ALT ... • ALT: Specific
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
IU/mL), normal ALT ... IU/mL), normal ALT ... IU/mL), normal ALT ... 2000 IU/mL and ALT ... #Indications #management