5898 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Hypervolemia, UNa ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Vasopressin-Dependent • UNa ... Cirrhosis • UNa ... #hyponatremia #diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
- RAAS ON (UNa ... - RAAS OFF (UNa ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... status and measure UNa ... #Hyponatremia #Diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na ... +K / serum Na >1 ... or Ineffective (UNa ... solute intake, UNa ... #differential #diagnosis
Visualizing Hypotonic Hyponatremia

 • UNa reveals RAAS activity.
 • UOsm reveals ADH activity.
 • ADH secretion
Hyponatremia • UNa ... Graph #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Vasopressin-dependent - UNa ... following HSCT) - UNa ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... volume (↓distal Na ... ± Urine Lytes: UNa ... definitive guide to diagnosis ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
• Lupus (SLE): ANA ... double-stranded DNA ... Anti-centromere, Scl-70 (DNA ... topoisomerase I), RNA ... #Rheumatology #diagnosis
Rifamycins - Antibiotics Class Overview

Include Rifampin, Rifaximin, Rifapentine, Rifabutin.

Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (unique mechanism).
Inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent ... RNA polymerase