1800 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Na+K / serum Na ... or Ineffective (UNa ... solute intake, UNa ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... Vasopressin-dependent - UNa ... following HSCT) - UNa ... Cancer #algorithm #nephrology
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
• With lower Na ... Saline: • If Urine ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
• With lower Na ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... osmolality < 538 AND UNa ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
volume (↓distal Na ... lysis) ± Urine ... Lytes: UNa < 20 ... suggests ↓ distal Na ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hypo-osmolar Hypotonic HypoNatremia Algorithm (Serum Na+ < 135 meq/L, serum Osm < 275 mosm/kg)
Assess Volume Status,
Algorithm (Serum Na ... Status, Check Urine ... Na, Urine Osm ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
of Sodium (FE Na ... [(U Na x P Cr) / ... (P Na x U Cr)] ... = Creatinine, Na ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Sodium (FENa) = (Urine ... Na+ x Serum Cr) ... / (Serum Na+ x ... Urine Cr) FEurea ... Excretion #Sodium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... losses • Urine ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Nephrotic syndrome • Urine ... #sodium #low #nephrology