12 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hard Exudates • Nerve ... more superficial nerve ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... damage to sacral nerves ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
inner retinal nerve ... arterioles causes optic nerve ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
Stimulation of nerve ... Boutonniere's ulnar ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
of peripheral nerve ... Ischemia, Accelerated nerve ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
leads to optic nerve ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... compress spinal nerve ... which cranial nerves ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Cholesteatoma (of middle ear): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Congenital trapping of keratinizing epithelium in middle
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... media • Facial nerve ... Cholesteatoma #MiddleEar #pathophysiology ... signs #diagnosis #complications
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications

 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of
clinical findings and complications ... BZD #withdrawal #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Adrenoceptor Actions
α1
 • Vascular smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Genitourinary smooth muscle - Contraction
 • Intestinal
Aggregation • Nerve ... receptors #actions #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology