43 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... to significant retinal ... • Localized retinal ... macula, and/or retina
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... shadows on the retina ... breaks • Positive ... #Floaters #Differential ... Diagnosis #Ocular #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... lesions in the inner retinal ... around atrophic areas
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Deprivational - Obstruction of Visual Axis:
 • Ptosis
 •
Amblyopia - Lazy Eye - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemangioma • Retinal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Pupillary Defects - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
CHRPE Congenital retinal pigment epithelial hypertrophy- Note the flat, black well circumscribed lesion with areas of
CHRPE Congenital retinal ... circumscribed lesion with areas ... of retinal pigment ... #CHRPE #Ophthalmology ... #Congenital #retinal
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm ... Normal, Renin High ... Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm