28 results
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
underlying cause ... volume overload Urea ... promoting passive sodium ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Look for and treat ... underlying cause ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
cause of SIADH: ... Urea powder • Induces ... promoting passive sodium ... into ammonium by urease-producing ... #hyponatremia #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... persistent over at least ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Causes