16 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Primary Bone Tumors ... - Differential ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... Tumours #MSK #Differential
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... infarcts from occlusions ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
D - Increased renal ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... Hard Exudates • Occlusion ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
D) Increased bone ... Paget's disease of bone ... Multiple myeloma (bone ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... endocrinology #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Lymphomas) Metastatic Bone
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... breaks • Positive ... have a PVD in one ... #Floaters #Differential ... Diagnosis #Ocular #ophthalmology
BLT with a Kosher Pickle - Mnemonic for Cancers that Metastasize to Bone 

B - Breast
L
Metastasize to Bone ... B - Breast ... Thyroid K - Kidney (Renal ... #Metastasize #Bone ... Oncology #Diagnosis #Differential
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... mutations - BMPR2 (bone ... Pulmonary veno-occlusive ... mediastinitis, chronic renal ... #Diagnosis #Differential