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diagnosis differential acute aki neurology kidneyinjury urine adies aids anisocoria arthritis blood checklist cns disease examination hematuria hiv infections infectiousdiseases
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Epithelial cell casts ... crystals • Calcium ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... present on repeat testing ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... electrolytes, urea ... investigations depending on clinical ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination: • Clean catch
Perform dipstick testing ... esterase • Fill conical ... up by cells or casts ... Ill stain) and crystals ... protein matrix of casts
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases • Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... polarized light microscopy ... intracellular urate ... crystals (gout) ... ANA and RF (if clinical
Adie’s Tonic Pupil on Physical Exam A young female was referred in for a sudden onset anisocoria.
Clinical confirmation ... rare bilateral cases ... Pupil #anisocoria #clinical ... #video #ophthalmology ... #physicalexam #neurology
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 Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology: • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Prevalence: 1-2 cases ... Clinical Manifestations ... disorders • Testing ... diazepam • EMG testing ... antibody that works
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
should be based on clinical ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... of serum CrAg testing ... comparable to CSF testing
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