20 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... urinary excretion ... Allantoin (High urinary ... excretion) • Phosphorus ... Precipitation => • Urate
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring urinary ... either secondary or primary ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... • Primary Hyperaldosteronism ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low ... • N Vitamin D: Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #phosphorus
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Increased Urinary ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
absorption (Antacids, Phosphorus ... Normal or High PTH: Primary ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology