8 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... Drugs, Endocrine disorders ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Infiltrative disorders ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium
Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Absence of menses for more than 3 cycles or
Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... FSH, Low estrogen ... Functional (e.g. eating disorder ... #Causes #OBGyn
Causes of Primary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No onset of menarche by age 16 with secondary
Primary Amenorrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Etiology - High FSH, Low ... Functional (e.g. eating disorder ... #Causes #OBGyn
Causes of Intrauterine Growth Restriction / Small for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fetal Factors:
 -
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Turner syndrome ... Uteroplacental Flow ... • Autoimmune disorders ... Causes #Obstetrics #OBGyn
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... untreated HIV and with low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... , TTKG, distal flow ... Osmoles, Increased Urate ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology