12 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Oxoproline - associated ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... underexcretion of acids ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Pneumonia • ARDS ... Hyperthyroidism • Metabolic ... #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Heat stroke, Metabolic ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Heme associated ... per day until stable ... Management #Summary #causes
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
fluctuations PRES-Associated ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... the underlying cause ... until cause identified
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... GQ1b IgG Antibody associated ... management #treatment #neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Heme associated ... per day until stable ... #treatment #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
on the skin • Areas ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... Syncope / Exercise Associated ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Osmoles, Increased Urate ... Non-Anion Gap Metabolic ... Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology