10 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... acid transporter Bartter ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... #Kidney #Nephrology
Thrombocytopenia and Pregnancy - TTP/HUS, HELLP Syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Three syndromes in
Syndrome and Acute ... with coagulation defects ... Elevated Liver tests, Low ... Severe coagulation defects ... hematology #diagnosis #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Genetic defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Thrombocytopenia and Pregnancy
Three syndromes in the critically ill pregnant woman who presents with coagulation defects.
1) HELLP
Pregnancy Three syndromes ... with coagulation defects ... Elevated Liver tests, Low ... Severe coagulation defects ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... Mg2+ deficiency, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Bartter syndrome ... • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... #pathophysiology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... the blood-brain barrier ... (BBB), and infects ... ARVs can have low ... The clinical syndrome
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
tubule diuretic effect ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... actively working • Bartter ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology