12 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Renal Tubular Defects ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Localization #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Thrombocytopenia and Pregnancy - TTP/HUS, HELLP Syndrome and Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Three syndromes in
Syndrome and Acute ... with coagulation defects ... Elevated Liver tests, Low ... Severe coagulation defects ... hematology #diagnosis #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... Genetic defects ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Inherited Defects ... ascending limb Gitelman ... Epithelial #Inherited #Defects ... #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Thiazide ... ab • Genetics defects ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Thrombocytopenia and Pregnancy
Three syndromes in the critically ill pregnant woman who presents with coagulation defects.
1) HELLP
Pregnancy Three syndromes ... with coagulation defects ... Elevated Liver tests, Low ... Severe coagulation defects ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... Non-reabsorbable anion effect ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... tubule diuretic effect ... tubule reabsorptive defect ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #