29 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... hematuria and/or proteinuria ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (Negative urine ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... → Refer to Nephrology ... #Workup #urology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Uric Acid (low ... Precipitation => • Urate ... Nephropathy (low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
ADH promotes Urea ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology