17 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... renal, Bladder, Breast ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram ... #Differential # ... Causes #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... • Non-small-cell ... cancer • Renal cell ... #diagnosis #differential
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
- Differential ... in adults - Breast ... Non-Malignant • Giant Cell ... #Orthopedics #Causes ... #Oncology #Radiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... , Breast Cancer, ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Intercellular Shift - Differential ... Osmoles, Increased Urate ... Hyperosmolarity • Cell ... • Digoxin #Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
electrolyte abnormality caused ... osmolality helps to differentiate ... Rise in blood urea ... the principal cells ... juxtaglomerular cells
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... on the skin • Areas ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia ... heat #illness #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Liver Injury - Differential ... Algorithm Vascular Causes ... Infiltration: Often breast ... hemolysis) • ALP: Bone ... injury #hepatitis #differential
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
200ms from longer pause ... block (lower AV cells ... EKG #diagnosis #electrocardiogram ... #cardiology #differential