21 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring urinary ... either secondary or primary ... Gitelman's syndrome • Primary ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... Nephropathy Renin Normal ... Renin High: • Primary ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... multiparous women - Urge ... Contraction - Signs ... Obstruction #Urinary
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Algorithm Acidosis ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urine microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... investigations abnormal ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Mixed Urinary Incontinence ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... sudden, strong urge ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ... Primary and secondary ... eosinophilia Primary ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Insufficiency #Signs