25 results
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
volume, Increased urinary ... excretion, Increased urinary ... volume, Increased urinary ... intestine, Low urinary ... #causes #calculus
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... Painful: suggests calculi ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... throughout (upper urinary
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... multiparous women - Urge ... Obstruction #Urinary ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... suppression • Primary ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... suppression • Primary ... #Algorithm #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
obstruction - Able ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction ... lower and upper urinary ... #Radiology #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Solute Intake - Primary ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... renal failure - Primary ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Primary and Secondary ... Algorithm Primary ... Mineralocorticoid excess (primary ... #Hypertension #Primary ... #Algorithm #causes