7 results
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... Renal tubular acidosis ... - Antiviral treatment ... herpes virus or HIV ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... > 4 mmol/L was associated ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment ... Ethylene glycol - HIV
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... Loss (Negative urine ... IV Alpha-Intercalated ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Redistribution: Acidosis ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
patients with type ... gap metabolic acidosis ... their loss in the urine ... Treatment with IV ... and acidosis has
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Exclude other AKI causes ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... • Associated with ... Treatment Overview
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Primary form: not associated ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... TYPE IV RTA, TYPE ... renal tubular acidosis ... Adenocarcinoma Treatment