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diagnosis differential acute hyponatremia workup aki glomerulonephritis microscopy nephritic proteinuria classification hematuria injury kidney sodium syndrome testing ain associated atlas
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
- Nephritic and ... Nephrotic Syndromes ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) SLE patient develops
Lupus Nephritis ... > 500 mg/d • Nephritic ... dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts ... , WBC casts) especially ... 5%) #Lupus #Nephritis
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... clusters because nephritic ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive) • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
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