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differential hyponatremia management low workup acute aki hematuria potassium treatment alkalosis hyperkalemia metabolic syndrome urology blood hypernatremia hypomagnesemia injury intercellularshift
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #renal
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... - Casts Acellular ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Algorithm - Utilizing ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
common culprits: Hypovolemia ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Algorithm Persistent ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Algorithm Defining ... the cause of hypokalemia ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA Decreased
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Decreased ... pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
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