15 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... (Urinalysis or ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Urine Microscopy Instructions - How to spin urine

1. Collect a fresh urine sample (5 – 10
Urine Microscopy ... the better, as casts ... perform a quick urinalysis ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Nephrology #Preparation
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... presence of protein, blood ... up by cells or casts ... Ill stain) and crystals ... protein matrix of casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Epithelial cell casts ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Causes