10 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... Microscopic exam ... < 1% Urine sodium ... #Urinalysis #crystals ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... (Urinalysis or ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
CBC w/ diff - Urinalysis ... /microscopy/UOP/ ... weights - Urine ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... , crystals, protein
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... or Ineffective (UNa ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... • Normal/low blood ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
polarized light microscopy ... intracellular urate crystals ... : • Complete blood ... acid level • Urinalysis ... • Serum and urine
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... tract, and often causes ... pulses, bruis, or blood ... Large Vessel: Blood ... , and SLE) • Urinalysis