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diagnosis differential aki hematuria hyponatremia nephrotic acute blood hypernatremia management proteinuria renal testing treatment urology acutekidneyinjury alkalosis atlas casts chloride
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... basement membrane disease ... disease Renal ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... if cause not identified ... #Workup #urology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... also be seen if urine ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Drugs Glomerular ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... • Thin GBM disease ... • Pauci-immune disease
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... Check Urine Osmolality ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Algorithm and Differential ... microscopy / urinary ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... Pulmonary Diseases ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... : Hypovolemia, Low ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
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