17 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... → Refer to Nephrology ... to Nephrology if ... cause not identified
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Excessive urine ... Contraction - Signs ... neuropathy or spinal cord ... #Mnemonic #Geriatrics
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... injury, often from vascular ... bladder and rectal reflex ... pathophysiology #signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... spinal cord movement ... an involuntary reflex ... #Meningitis #Clinical ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics
Gowers' Sign on Physical Exam

Caused by proximal muscle weakness typically seen in muscular dystrophy

#Gowers #Sign #PhysicalExam
Gowers' Sign on ... Physical Exam Caused ... #PhysicalExam #neurology ... #clinical #video ... #pediatrics #muscular
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... pathophysiology #geriatrics ... #diagnosis #signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... • Symptoms and signs ... Causes: 1. ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... differential #algorithm
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... - Emergency Causes ... Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... #neurology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... vasoconstrictive • Acute ... narrowing and vascular ... diffuse light reflex ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs