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diagnosis workup algorithm injury kidney renal atlas blood casts classification differential diuresis diuretics excretion glomerulonephritis hematuria key kidneyinjury medications membranoproliferative
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
- TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... prolonged prerenal AKI ... nephritis (AIN) ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... #Acute #KidneyInjury
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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