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diagnosis aki casts microscopy workup algorithm differential injury atlas blood classification diuresis diuretics excretion hematuria interpretation key kidneyinjury medications pharmacology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... tubular necrosis (causes ... interstitial nephritis ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... require urgent nephrology ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... and chronic kidney ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #nephrology #interpretation
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Torsemide) • Acute ... stones caused by ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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