11 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... result of increased excretion ... the indicated causes ... result of increased excretion ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Fractional excretion ... of magnesium = (urine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... and metabolic alkalosis ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... #Causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
- Reduced Excretion ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... hypotension) Decreased Glomerular ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (late) • High Urine ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Nephrology #Causes