15 results
diagnosis differential algorithm metabolic workup blood hematuria hyperkalemia management potassium treatment chloride complications diuresis framework gitelman gout hyperuricemia hypokalemia hyponatremia
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... result of increased excretion ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
or dipstick) Glomerular ... of Glomerular Bleeding ... Suggestive of glomerular ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... after renal tubule ... generally indicates a renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... hyperreactivity • Urologic ... Kidney stones caused ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
of calcium in renal ... nephron -> Decr Glomerular ... dose salicylates, diuretics ... nephron -> Under-excretion ... -> Release of purine
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
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