19 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... hematuria • Signs ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #causes #urology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... UOP/weights - Urine ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... pre-renal) - Urinary ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
filling pushing urine ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis ... Signs and symptoms ... • Primary Progressive ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #management #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... reflexes) • Urinary ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... retroperitoneal masses ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
What is Asymptomatic Bacteruria (ASB)?
Bacteriuria (isolation of urinary pathogen at ≥10^5 CFU/mL in mid-stream urine) in
in mid-stream urine ... genitourinary signs ... Foul smelling urine ... Missing the true cause ... Asymptomatic #Bacteruria #diagnosis
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs ... established by CSF or urine ... #neurology #meningitis