16 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... #Workup #Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... Evaluate underlying cause ... Cardioembolic: • ECG ... #CVA #stroke #workup ... diagnosis #checklist #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... solute intake (Beer ... table #sodium #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... Non-inflammatory Causes ... skull neoplasms (e.g ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #Syndromes #neurology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... nodules, may also see ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology