71 results
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... Paraclinical assessment: EKG ... #Myocarditis #differential ... #cardiology #MRI
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Findings Causes ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #EKG ... #Differential # ... #Cardiology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... #Polyuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology #nephrology