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diagnosis nephrology differential casts workup algorithm rheumatology urology aki atlas clinical crystalluria dipstick disease glucosuria hepatology hepatorenal hrs injury key
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... • Urethritis ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy Sulfa Crystal! Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Urine Microscopy ... crystalluria is a cause ... of acute renal ... #Urine #Microscopy ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
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 Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... repeat testing • Acute ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... protein indicating acute ... - Some crystals ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... used with normal renal ... Acute Kidney Injury ... #hematuria
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... disease Red blood ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... #Differential #Microscopy
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases • Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
polarized light microscopy ... intracellular urate crystals ... Screening Tests for Acute ... : • Complete blood ... • Serum and urine
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... perfusion + ↑ renal ... , no hematuria/proteinuria ... , or blood) ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria ... pulmonary and renal ... pulses, bruits, or blood ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic ... tract, and often causes
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