24 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... Urine Osmolality ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... can be high or ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
- Diagnostic of ... - Up to 3 per high-power ... normal; >3 per high-power ... disorders or excreted medications ... #nephrology #casts
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Insulin (high ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
individuals or during ... exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... Differential #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... urinary losses: • High ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology