10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... - Any type of renal ... disease • Granular casts
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
(no casts, protein ... • Normal kidney ... Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... essential in all cases
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
classified 20 different types ... • Urinary casts ... Should not be used ... with normal renal ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Anion Gap ... Loss (Negative urine ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... concentration can be used ... In a normal gap ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... Indication: Can be used ... in all types of ... Inotropes #comparison #table
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
to 30% of DKA cases ... patients with type ... than 20 mEq/L (normal ... their loss in the urine ... the anion gap closes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... differential #diagnosis #table
6/02/2022 UPDATE: This assay is designed to detect non-variola orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox virus. It is not
should use this algorithm ... smallpox-diagnostic-algorithm-poster ... The type of specimen ... See table below ... all HIGH RISK CASES
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS)

MGRS
• MGRS refers to kidney disease caused by nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulins
kidney disease caused ... kidney function • Abnormal ... • Serum/urine ... guide subtype classification ... vasculitis Types