10 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
tubular cells - Acute ... - Diagnostic of ... protein indicating acute ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Urinary calculi ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... biopsy • Abdominal ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Recovery from Acute ... Renal Failure, ... • Primary polydipsia ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
of flank or abdominal ... MRI - Limited value ... for non-calculus causes ... with surgical access ... lower and upper urinary
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Primary and Secondary ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Encephalitis, Abscess ... Hypoglycemia Anatomy - Acute ... #differential #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... insipidus • Primary ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Localized Acute Abdominal Pain(<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac, pulmonary,
Localized Acute ... Abdominal Pain(< ... - Differential Diagnostic ... cardiac, pulmonary, renal ... musculoskeletal causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... - Emergency Causes ... infections • primary ... Spinal infection/abscess ... #causes #neurology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
to bolus these values ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... tests before beginning ... cardiac output - Acute ... peritonitis - Acute