24 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... , NGT suction, Low ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... , Cirrhosis, Cardiac ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... aldosteronism Low ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Heart failure, liver ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiologic: Contracted gall bladder in a non-fasting
Causes of Gallbladder ... heart failure, Liver ... cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome, Pre-eclampsia ... Diagnosis #radiology #POCUS
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... gradual • Severe liver ... (e.g. advanced cirrhosis ... type 2 HRS) • Low ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology