19 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Heart failure, liver ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiologic: Contracted gall bladder in a non-fasting
Causes of Gallbladder ... heart failure, Liver ... cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome, Pre-eclampsia ... Diagnosis #radiology #POCUS
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... gradual • Severe liver ... (e.g. advanced cirrhosis ... type 2 HRS) • Low ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
heart failure, liver ... cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... intake: Alcoholism (cirrhosis ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Chronic SVC Stenosis with Caudal Blood Flow of Dilated Abdominal Veins

60 y/o hx of seizures &
of seizures & cirrhosis ... What is the cause ... this pt does have cirrhosis ... #Milking #SVC #syndrome ... #Video #Chest #PhysicalExam
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
unilateral; • Slow ... Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome on Physical Exam
The case of a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and platypnea-orthodeoxia
Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome ... Physical Exam The case ... a diagnosis of cirrhosis ... You can observe how ... #PhysicalExam #
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... , Nephrotic syndrome ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low