117 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... deposits - Post-infectious ... pain hematuria syndrome ... Hematuria: • Infection ... #urology #nephrology
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
an identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... associated with viral infections ... #Bells #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Causes of Acute Onset Fever - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Viral:
 • Rhinovirus
 • Influenza Virus
 • Parainfluenza
Causes of Acute ... • Influenza Virus ... Parainfluenza Virus ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... Acute: - Primary Neurologic ... demyelination), Infectious ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine ... osmolarity If cause ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #causes
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... invasion via URT infection ... and hematologic infection ... widespread infection ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... Non-inflammatory causes ... • Herpes virus ... infections • ... #neurology #noninflammatory