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Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Arrhythmia • Atrial Fibrillation ... Chest Wall Abnormalities ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
of Chest Pain: ... Myopericarditis • Vascular ... - Tamponade Pulmonary ... Causes of Chest ... • Alveoli: - CHF
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Chest Pain - Differential ... Infarction • Stable ... : - Vascular ... Embolism (chest ... Hypertension - Chest
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... exercise intolerance, chest ... Cardiac: • Valvular ... Decompensated HF ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
Redistribution In a normal chest ... The pulmonary vascular ... redistribution applies to chest ... practice many chest ... #Clinical #Radiology
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... disease or CHF) ... Probable atrial fibrillation ... disease or CHF) ... #management #cardiology
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
Increased pulmonary ... features on the chest ... film (Table). ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... exercise intolerance, chest ... Decompensated HF ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of congestion ... with presence of pulmonary ... the determined cause ... #treatment #table ... #heartfailure #chf
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... disease b) CHF ... - Peripheral vascular ... days before Pulmonary ... change CV risk Chest