12 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... Clinical Diagnosis ... abnormalities (eg nystagmus ... #diagnosis #criteria ... #neurology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Triad

Encephalopathy 
 • Disorientation 
 • Indifference 
 • Inattentiveness 
Ocular motor dysfunction
Inattentiveness Ocular ... dysfunction • Nystagmus ... Syndrome #Triad #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Thiamine ... #Deficiency
Renal Tubular Disorders

 • Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1)
 • Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type
Disorders • Distal ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... #Types #pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Wernicke Encephalopathy ... - Diagnosis and ... Management Diagnosis ... ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus ... #neurology #nutrition
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... carbonic anhydrase II deficiency ... early juvenile distal ... classification #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Differential Diagnosis ... seen • Lactic acidosis ... • Wernicke's Encephalopathy ... condition: - Nystagmus ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cotransporter in distal ... renal tubular acidosis ... or aquaporin-2 deficiency ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
neuritis: Reduced visual ... desaturation, Scotoma, Ocular ... facial numbness), Encephalopathy ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... mental status • Visual ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... #management #neurology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
- Differential Diagnosis ... excretion (GFR, TTKG, distal ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... ATPase • Insulin Deficiency ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology