3168 results
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... and petechiae Causes ... Pancytopenia: • ↓ RBC ... • ↓ WBC • ↓
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Algorithm Decreased WBCs ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... #Normocytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Microscopy and Casts ... Squamous Epithelial Casts ... Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... - WBC Cast - ... RBC Cast - Fatty
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Algorithm Signs of anemia ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... #Hemolytic #Anemias
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... == Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... Glucose Content • RBC ... • Hemolytic anemia
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Neutrophils - Low RBC ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Cells, Normal WBCs ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... Chronic disease anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
Causes of Anemia ... Deficiency (Eg Causes ... TlBC > 18% • Anemia ... #Microcytic #Anemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hematology Algorithms 

Anemia is described as a reduction in the proportion of the red blood cells.
RBC are produced ... Approximately 1% of RBC ... destruction of RBC ... These causes could ... Mentzer index = (MCV/RBC