19 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... unilateral flank pain ... WBCs, or urine ... casts, dysmorphic ... → Refer to Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... #Urine #Microscopy
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... : - RBC casts ... of glomerular disease ... Diagnosis #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach to Acute ... sterile pyuria, WBC ... casts, eosinophiluria ... , microscopic hematuria ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... tubular cells - Acute ... also be seen if urine ... protein indicating acute ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Advanced kidney disease ... #Differential #Microscopy
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs,
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... Microscopic exam ... Red blood cells (RBC ... • Urinary casts ... #hematuria
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
Hematuria Microscopic ... RBC's, cellular casts ... ≥ 3 RBC/TIPF on ... properly collected urine ... #management #urology