890 results
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA)

Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial 
cells, pH

#Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC, ... cells, pH #Diagnosis
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... dysmorphic RBC’s, RBC ... /WBC casts, proteinuria ... neck, prostatic) #Diagnosis
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... environment #Pathophysiology
Arthrocentesis - Synovial Fluid Analysis
Normal < 150 WBC, Colorless/Straw color, High Viscosity
Noninflammatory < 3,000 WBC, Straw/yellow
Analysis Normal < 150 WBC ... Noninflammatory < 3,000 WBC ... Inflammatory > 3,000 WBC ... purulent) > 50,000 WBC ... interpretation #diagnosis
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Differential Diagnosis ... Even with normal WBC ... counts may delay diagnosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholangitis #pathophysiology ... #pbc #psc #hepatology
Approach to Leukocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Features of hematologic malignancy:
 • Symptoms: B-symptoms, bruising/bleeding, fatigue/weakness, immunosuppression
- Differential Diagnosis ... platelets, persistent WBC ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #hematology #WBC
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis ... ischemia-induced RBC ... hemolysis) • RBC ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Decreased WBCs ... Normal/lncreased WBCs ... Spherocytes, RBC ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
- Differential Diagnosis ... (Pancytopenia, WBC ... Lymphocytic Leukemia (CBC ... #Differential #Diagnosis