3044 results
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Neutrophil (Normal) Differential ... Even with normal WBC ... 21% had normal WBC ... #Bandemia #differential ... #pathophysiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... if high risk if WBC ... initiation • Differential ... QD until normal WBC
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Hyaline Cast - WBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... dysmorphic RBC’s, RBC ... /WBC casts, proteinuria ... #Macroscopic #Differential
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA)

Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial 
cells, pH

#Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC,
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... environment #Pathophysiology
Causes of Diffuse Lymphadenopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Reactive:
 - Systemic Inflammatory
     •
Lymphadenopathy - Differential ... (Pancytopenia, WBC ... differential includes ... Lymphocytic Leukemia (CBC ... Lymphadenopathy #LAD #Differential
Approach to Leukocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Features of hematologic malignancy:
 • Symptoms: B-symptoms, bruising/bleeding, fatigue/weakness, immunosuppression
Leukocytosis - Differential ... platelets, persistent WBC ... #Leukocytosis #Differential ... Algorithm #hematology #WBC
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... ischemia-induced RBC ... hemolysis) • RBC ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Blood Product Components, Contents, Volume and Shelf Life

Whole blood (autologous or directed donations) - RBC and
WBC and platelets ... Hct of 70-80% - RBC ... X 1010); some WBC ... plasma, a few RBC ... X 1011); some WBC