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hematology management anemia chronic cll lymphocytic mds myelodysplastic apml classification differential differentiation gap hemeonc hodgkins hyperkalemia k leukostasis lymphoma lysis
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
aplasia • ITP ... increase in gamma globulins ... microglobulin Treatment ... #diagnosis #workup ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... = funny-shaped cells ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script Signs and symptoms: • Recurrent infections from neutropenia • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Consider stem cell ... (antithymocyte globulin ... to MDS or acute leukemia ... #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... anemia Treatment ... antithymocyte globulin ... #oncology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary Overview: • Most common leukemia in adults • Disorder of
• Most common leukemia ... minimal tumor burden Diagnosis ... Vmphocytosis on routine CBC ... #oncology #hematology ... #hemeonc #diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Causes • Anemia • Aplastic ... • Hairy Cell Leukemia ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
blasts and high WBC ... • Lab values: WBC ... leukapheresis - TLS ... Lysis of tumor cells ... #TLS #diagnosis
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... • Induce blast cell ... if high risk if WBC ... #oncology
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4) Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap: •
Albumin > 4) Work-up ... myeloma • Plasma cell ... leukemia • Solitary ... changes (POEMS syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Lysis (TLS, rhabdo ... reabsorption) Workup ... draw, ↑↑Plts or ↑↑WBC ... Elimination (see Table ... Drives K+ into cells
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