107 results
OPIOID SWITCHING AND TAPERING.

Long term opioid use results in physical (and potentially psychological) dependence. Opioids should
taper to avoid withdrawal ... Opioid withdrawal ... insomnia, muscle pain ... sweating, anxiety, nausea ... tapering #switching #pharmacology
Pain mechanisms and analgesics pathways

#Pain #Pathways #Analgesics #Pharmacology #Tracts #Neurology
Pain mechanisms ... analgesics pathways #Pain ... Pathways #Analgesics #Pharmacology ... #Tracts #Neurology
In 2018, opioid withdrawal should be considered a buprenorphine deficiency. Otherwise, a multitude of comparatively ineffective
In 2018, opioid withdrawal ... the occasion of withdrawal ... #Management #Pharmacology ... #Pain #NonOpioid
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Side Effects Withdrawal ... Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea ... Dysfunction, Weight gain ... Incr NE: Nausea ... Pathophysiology #Pharmacology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
decr intake -> Withdrawal ... , asthenia • Neurologic ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... pruritus, weight gain ... Pathophysiology #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic ... Myasthenia Gravis Pharmacologic ... Alcohol) • Drug Withdrawal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Drug-Induced Seizures - OTIS-CAMPBELL

O - Organophosphate, oral hypoglycemics, opioid
T - TCA, theophylline
I - Isoniazid, Insulin
S -
Benzodiazepine withdrawal ... E - Ethanol Withdrawal ... Seizures #Medication #Causes ... #Differential #Pharmacology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
unilateral flank pain ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Systemic N - Neurologic ... Eye/Temple • Pain ... quickly, deep pain ... Histamine, Substance Withdrawal ... #differential #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... stimulus to ADH • Pain ... /Post-op • Neurologic ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes