14 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Direct renin inhibitor ... ) inhibitors (Lisinopril ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... masses of all sizes ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ... SSRIs #Serotonin #Inhibitors ... #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Psychiatry #Diagnosis #Signs
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors ... SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors ... #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Psychiatry #Diagnosis #Signs
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
SGLT2 Inhibitors ... - Pharmacology ... heart disease • All ... #Pharmacology # ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Aldosterone Release: ACE ... inhibitors, ARBs ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology ... #pituitary
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Follicular Phase Explained
Early Follicular Phase (Days 0-5)
 • Granulosa cells
production by pituitary ... back on anterior pituitary ... estrogen secretion -> inhibits ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... FollicularPhase #endocrinology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... endomyocardial biopsy Pharmacology ... : • ACE Inhibitors ... receptor-neprilysin inhibitors ... management #cardiology #pharmacology