8 results
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pituitary Mass Effects ... masses of all sizes ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
production by the pituitary ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology ... #pituitary
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications

 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of
Activation of ACC ... BZD #withdrawal #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs