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Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone/Area Postrema:
 • Drugs:
	- Chemo agents
	-
and Vomiting - Differential ... Drugs: - Chemo agents ... Cardiovascular agents ... Vestibular neuritis GI ... vomiting #emesis #differential
Forrest Classification of Upper GI Bleeding
Acute Hemorrhage
  Ia - Active Spurting, Re-bleeding Risk 60-100%
Forrest Classification ... of Upper GI Bleeding ... Ib - Active Oozing ... enrrikke #Forrest #Classification ... UGIB #diagnosis #endoscopy
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... Malaria • Oxygen agents ... nitrates • Other agents ... Hemolytic #Anemia #Differential ... #classification
Upper GI Bleed - Management Algorithm

Upper GI bleed Suspected: Melena, hematemesis, coffee-ground emesis, BRBPR
Initial Stabilization
Concern for
Upper GI Bleed - ... Management Algorithm ... ± EGD Causes ... UGIB #GIBleed #Differential ... #Diagnosis #management
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... deficit - Salt-losing ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Shock - Differential ... Diagnosis by Classification ... Trauma • GI ... exacerbation (any cause ... #Diagnosis #Classification
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
excretory pathway (GI ... although hepatic causes ... - Chemotherapy agents ... AML - Large GI ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... - Anorexia GI ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Mechanism Decreased GI ... hypomagnesemia Excessive GI ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Acute Non-Variceal Upper GI Bleeding
Pre-Endoscopy Management:
 • Hemodynamic resuscitation
 • No routine NG tube
 • Risk
Non-Variceal Upper GI ... Management: • ... stratification using ... anti-platelet agents ... • Promotility agents